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Rev. cuba. endocrinol ; 12(1): 22-34, ene.-abr. 2001. tab
Article in Spanish | LILACS, CUMED | ID: lil-329857

ABSTRACT

Se realizó este trabajo para conocer frecuencia, características clínico-bioquímicas, inmunológicas y genéticas de la diabetes autoinmune en adultos (LADA) en 1 000 diabéticos tipo 2 con edades ü 35 años con distintos tiempos de duración de la diabetes. Se les determinó glucemia, anticuerpos antiislotes pancreáticos (ICA), anti-GAD65, anti-ICA512bdc/IA2, antimicrosomales tiroideos (AMT), antigástricos parietales (AGP), antinucleares (AN), microalbuminuria y péptido C en ayunas. Se encuestaron y se registraron algunas características clínicas. Se dividieron en 2 grupos según la presencia de ICA. Todos los diabéticos tipo 2 + para autoanticuerpos antiislotes (ICA y/o anti-GAD65) fueron identificados como LADA. Se detectó el 3,4 (por ciento) de diabético tipo 2 con ICA +, en los diabéticos tipo 2 ICA- el 22,0 (por ciento) presentó anticuerpos anti-GAD65. Se encontró que los diabéticos tipo 2 ICA+ eran más jóvenes, la duración de su diabetes era menor, presentaron menor IMC, disminución de los niveles de péptido C en ayunas, menos antecedentes familiares (padres) de DM2, valores menores en las tensiones arteriales diastólicas y sistólicas, mayor presencia de anticuerpos anti-GAD65, AMT y AGP en comparación con los diabéticos tipo 2 ICA-. Se observó que los diabéticos tipo 2 ICA+ (LADA) tienen características específicas que los asemejan a los diabéticos tipo 1, esto implicaría variaciones importantes en su tratamiento y evolución con respecto a los diabéticos tipo 2 ICA-. Se observó una baja frecuencia de ICA y alta de GAD en los diabéticos tipo 2 cubanos, las cuales fueron diferentes a la encontrada en poblaciones caucasianas. Los anticuerpos anti-GAD65 fueron superiores a los ICA para detectar los LADA. Las características clínicas e inmunológicas de estos pacientes muestran la lenta progresión de la destrucción autoinmune de las células b con implicaciones terapéuticas(AU)


This paper was aimed at knowing the frequency, clinico-biochemical, immunologic and genetic characteristics of autoimmune diabetes in adults (LADA) in 1 000 type 2 diabetic patients aged 35 or over with different times of duration of diabetes. Glycemia, anti-pancreatic islet cell antibodies (ICA), anti-GAD65 antibodies, anti-ICA512bdc/IA2 antibodies, anti-microsomal thyroid antibodies (AMT), anti-gastric parietal antibodies (AGP), antinuclear antibodies (AN), microalbuminuria and peptide C during fasting were determined. These patients were surveyed and some clinical characteristics were registered. They were divided into 2 groups according to the presence of ICA. All the type 2 + diabetics for anti-islet cell autoantibodies (ICA and/or antiGAD65) were identified as LADA. 3.4 percent of type 2 ICA + were detected. 22.0 percent of type 2 ICA - diabetics had anti-GAD65 antibodies. It was found that type 2 ICA + diabetics were younger, that their diabetes was shorter, that they had lower BMI, reduced levels of fasting peptide C, less DM2 history family (parents), lower values of diastolic and systolic arterial pressure, higher presence of anti-GAD65 antibodies, AMT and AGP in comparison with type 2 ICA - diabetics. It was observed that type 2 ICA+ diabetics (LADA) have specific characteristics that make them similar to type 1 diabetics, which would lead to important variations in their treatment and evolution as regards type 2 ICA - diabetics. Among the Cuban type 2 diabetics it was detected a low frequency of ICA and a high frequency of GAD, which were different to those found in the Caucasian populations. The anti-GAD65 antibodies were higher than ICA to detect LADA. The clinical and immunological characteristics of these patients show the slow progression of the autoimmune destruction of b-cells with therapeutic implications(AU)


Subject(s)
Humans , Adult , Islets of Langerhans , Diabetes Mellitus, Type 2/genetics , Diabetes Mellitus, Type 2/immunology
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